Answer: The Industrial Revolution and the Impact on the Economy.
Explanation:
The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes to all aspects of society. Yet the impact was greatest on the economy. During the Industrial Revolution, a modern form of capitalism appeared for the first time. It was a period that completely changed economic flows. There is an enrichment of individuals and the emergence of the first corporations, but also some modern economic elements such as monopolies. For the first time, ordinary citizens tend to be fully involved in new economic trends. Since cities are becoming centers of life, due to the large influx of people into cities, there is a more massive occurrence of poverty than has ever been the case before.
Answer:
limited horizontal decentralization of decision making
Explanation:
A machine bureaucracy refers to an organization structure which follows a formal and moderately decentralization approach, with high degree of specialization.
The line of authority i.e delegation of responsibility moves from top to down while reporting moves from down to up. This form of organization follows vertical structure of delegation.
The top level management specifies and issues instructions to the lower level of management and commands are very specific and formal.
Decision making power rests with the top management while the lower level management carry out the implementation of those decisions. Such an organizational structure is usually followed by well established big organizations and not usually by small and medium enterprises.
The structure offers advantages in the sense, it promotes order, clarity in roles and tasks each individual is required to perform and organizational stability.
How Humans Adapted to Ice Age's Harsh Climate. One significant outcome of the recent ice age was the development of Homo sapiens. Humans adapted to the harsh climate by developing such tools as the bone needle to sew warm clothing, and used the land bridges to spread to new regions. A warm spell during the Ice Age gave early humans a route out of Africa 20,000 years earlier than thought, say scientists who've uncovered a prehistoric tool kit in Arabia. During this period of climate change, about 130,000 years ago, water travel would have been easier than in more typical Ice Age periods.