The answer to your question is,
126 calories. 9 cals per gram.
-Mabel <3
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
D because it helps to get the thing that there choking on out of them
Using medications or surgeries to treat psychological disorders, based on the assumption that psychological disorders are symptoms of underlying physical problems, is the focus of biomedical therapies. The goal of the biomedical therapy is to reduce the symptoms associated with psychological disorders, believing <span>that the mind and body are connected</span>
AIDS. It’s when hiv progresses and destroys your immune system a lot. So the answer is A. I hope this helps!
