Stimulants are substances that all result in the increase of levels of dopamine in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that affects attention and pleasure. What this means is that stimulants affect our brain and the way it works by changing the ways that nerve cells communicate.
Neurons (nerve cells) are the cells that have a role in transmitting messages from the brain to other parts of our body, and vice-versa, which is important for pain response, alertness, energy etc.
With long-term use, the use of stimulants would affect the central nervous system (speeding it up), the brain, and the functions necessary to live, like respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature. Levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and GABA, which are responsible for the regulation of different processes, are also impacted, which creates a chemical disbalance ultimately resulting in behavioral changes, mood swings, altered attention, movement and energy, stress etc.
So the part of the body that is affected the most with the long-term use of stimulants like cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine is the brain of course, which is where these substances have the most impact, but the impact on the central nervous system, autonomous nervous system, and neurotransmitter levels is significant.
Discovery of vaccine for smallpox, viruses and actual organisms that cause many diseases lead to the development of Germ Theory.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Theory was the 'predominant theory' of 'disease transmission' before germ theory but it is no longer accepted as a 'scientific theory' of diseases.
'Formal and reliable experiments' on germs and diseases relationship were 'conducted by Louis Pasteur'.
He showed that growth of microorganisms was not a spontaneous generation and his pasteurization experiment provided key pieces of evidence that supported germ theory.
Even though caffeine is also known for uprising the energy levels to a point where it could cause insomnia, the excess of sugar usually causes an increase in heart rate and insomnia. Also, coca-cola has a bigger amount of sugar than caffeine, so it explains how these high quantities could affect Xi's health.
I’m sorry I do not know what the answer is. Are you in forensic science? I’m making my 4 year plan, and I put that as one of science classes. If you are in that high school class can you provide any details on that class. If you know the answer to their question and the second spot is full, please comment under my question for them.
Facilitated diffusion (also known as facilitated transport or passive-mediated transport) is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.