Answer:
Species diversity is greatest in the tropics, particularly in tropical forests and coral reefs
Explanation:
Answer:
At least 50% of the tetramers will be inactive for this individual
Explanation:
A protein resulting from a mutation that is dominant negative will have an detrimental impact on the wild-type protein as well. Especially if the mutated protein can interact with the same substances as the normal, wild-type protein.
For an individual who is heterozygous, there will be one wild-type copy and one mutant copy of the allele present. For each copy, a protein will be expressed and the tetramers from the mutant copy will be defective - so 50% of the protein tetramers will be inactive at least.
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
The hypothesis by the farmer can be tested by conducting experiments using the aged insecticide on a new set of flies on another farm.
<h3>What is a hypothesis?</h3>
A hypothesis is an explanations put forward to explain an observation.
Based on the observation that the insecticide became less effective, the farmer hypothesized that it was because the insecticide degraded with age.
This hypothesis can be tested by using the aged insecticide on a new set of flies on another farm.
Therefore, experiments can be used to confirm or disprove a hypothesis.
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My answer will be because, being located in such deep waters, it is difficult for them to receive sunlight and therefore start the development process. Only those species located in shallow benthic areas, such as seaweed and filamentous, can perform this process.
Question 1:
<u>Answer</u>:
The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".
<u>Explanation</u>
"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.
Question 2:
<u>Answer:</u>
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.