Answer:
The correct answer is - option C. 2 billion.
Explanation:
Cyanobacteria or BGA are microscopic organisms that live in water bodies normally and make their own food. These are unicellular organisms that have been around 3 and a half million years and consider as the first photosynthetic organisms responsible for the availability of oxygen on earth. These cells are also considered as the cell that evolved in the eukaryotic cells by differentiation around 2 billion years ago. The aggregated form of the cells are known as the mats.
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DNA reactive chemicals are mutagenic compounds that can make direct interactions with DNA and thus make a change in base sequence of DNA. For example, deaminating agents, such as nitrous acid can cause transition mutations by converting cytosine to uracil.</span>
Also, base analogs can substitute for DNA bases during replication and cause transition mutations.
Answer:
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus.
Answer:
The correct answer is that the spliceosome is non-functional.
Explanation:
A spliceosome refers to a composite and large molecular apparatus found mainly inside the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells. The prime function of the spliceosome is to remove the introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA, that is, a kind of primary transcript.
In case if the spliceosome machinery gets failed to function, the mRNA will not remove the introns, that is, the non-coding parts and retains it. This will eventually lead to the formation of longer mRNAs.
Eukaryotic Cells (animal and plant cells) have organelles. These organelles have many functions like storing genetic info, making energy for the cell, making proteins, etc. They help the cell run and work.
