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chubhunter [2.5K]
4 years ago
8

A 5.91 g unknown sample analyzed by elemental analysis revealed a composition of 37.51 % C. In addition, it was determined that

the sample contains 1.4830 × 1023 hydrogen atoms and 1.2966 × 1023 oxygen atoms. What is the empirical formula?
Chemistry
1 answer:
SSSSS [86.1K]4 years ago
7 0

Answer:

  • C₆H₈O₇

Explanation:

<u>1) Calculate the mass of carbon (C)</u>

  • mass of C = % of C × mass of sample / 100

  • mass of C = 37.51% × 5.91 g / 100 = 2.21 g

<u>2) Calculate the number of moles of C</u>

  • number of moles = mass in grams / molar mass

  • number of moles of C = 2.21 g / 12.01 g/mol = 0.184 moles

<u>3) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen atoms, H:</u>

  • number of moles = number of atoms / Avogadro's number

  • number of moles of H = 1.4830 × 10²³ / 6.022 × 10²³ = 0.24626 moles

<u>4) Calculate the number of moles of oxygen atoms, O:</u>

  • number of moles = number of atoms / Avogadro's number

  • number of moles of O = 1.2966 × 10²³ / 6.022 × 10²³ = 0.21531 moles

<u>5) Find the </u><u>mole ratios</u><u>:</u>

Summary of moles:

  • C: 0.184 mol
  • H: 0.24626 mol
  • O: 0.21531 mol

Divide every amount by the smallest number, which is 0.184:

  • C: 0.184 / 0.184 = 1
  • H: 0.24626 / 0.184 = 1.34
  • O: 0.21531 / 0.184 = 1.17

Multiply by 3 to round to integer numbers:

  • C:  1 × 3 = 3
  • H: 1.34 × 3 = 4.02 ≈ 4
  • O: 1.17 × 3 = 3.51

Multiply by 2 to round to integer numbers:

  • C:  3 × 2 = 6
  • H: 4 × 2 = 8
  • O: 3.51 × 2 ≈ 7

Use the mole ratios as superscripts to write the empirical formula

  • C₆H₈O₇ ← answer

Just as a reference, you can search in internet and find that one compound with that empirical formula is citric acid.

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C3H2N, 208.19 g/mol chemical formula?
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First, determine the molar mass of the empirical formula given for the substance. This can be solved by adding the products of the number of moles and the molar mass of each of the atom as shown below,
 
         M = (3 mols C)(12 g C/1 mol C) + (2 mols H)(1 g H/1 mol H) + (1 mol N)(14 g N/1 mol N)
         M = 52 g/mol

Then, divide the given molar mass above by the calculated value.
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Then, multiply the value of n to the coefficients of the atoms giving us the answer.

<em> ANSWER: C₁₂H₈N₄</em>
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