A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
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Answer:
Reptiles
Explanation:
Vertebrate paleontology covers everything from the tiny, fish-like creatures, to the salamander-like ancestors of all land vertebrates, to dinosaurs, mammals, flying and swimming reptiles, etc.
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The potting soil because it’s the cause
In Newton's Third Law of Motion, when one object exerts a force on a second object, the forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The correct answer is B.
