Question

Identify and label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, its conjugate base, the Brønsted-Lowry base, and its conjugate acid in each of the following equations:
(a) HNO3+H2O⟶H3O++NO3−
(b) CN− +H2O ⟶ HCN+OH−
(c) H2SO4+Cl− ⟶HCl+HSO4−
(d) HSO4−+OH− ⟶SO42−+H2O
(e) O2− + H2 O ⟶ 2OH−

Answer 1

Explanation:

As per Brønsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases, chemical species which donate proton are called Brønsted-Lowry acids.

The chemical species which accept proton are called Brønsted-Lowry base.

(a) $HNO_3 + H_2O \rightarrow H_3O^+ + NO_3^-$

$HNO_3$ is Bronsted lowry acid and $NO_3^-$ is its conjugate base.

$H_2O$ is Bronsted lowry base and $H_3O^+$ is its conjugate acid.

(b)

$CN^- + H_2O \rightarrow HCN + OH^-$

$CN^-$ is Bronsted lowry base and HCN is its conjugate acid.

$H_2O$ is Bronsted lowry acid and $OH^-$ is its conjugate base.

(c)

$H_2SO_4 + Cl^- \rightarrow HCl + HSO_4^-$

$H_2SO_4$ is Bronsted lowry acid and $HSO_4^-$ is its conjugate base.

Cl^- is Bronsted lowry base and HCl is its conjugate acid.

(d)

$HSO_4^-+OH^- \rightarrow SO_4^{2-}+H_2O$

$HSO_4^-$ is Bronsted lowry acid and $SO_4^{2-}$ is its conjugate base.

OH^- is Bronsted lowry base and $H_2O$ is its conjugate acid.

(e)

$O_{2-}+H_2O \rightarrow 2OH^-$

$O_{2-}$ is Bronsted lowry base and OH- is its conjugate acid.

$H_2O$ is Bronsted lowry acid and OH- is its conjugate base.