Which of the following is mostly associated with the federal reserves role as the governments bank

Assume that you have been hired as a consultant by CGT, a major producer of chemicals and plastics, including plastic grocery ba

koban [17]

Answer:

d. 5.14%.

Explanation:

Calculation to determine the best estimate of the after-tax cost of debt.

First step

Based on the information given we would make use of rate formula in excel.

=rate(nper,pmt,-pv,fv)

Where,

nper= coupon every six months for 20 years = 40 coupon payments

Pmt =$1000*7.25%*6/12=$36.25

Pv = $875

Fv =$1000

Let plug in the formula

=rate(40,36.25,-875,1000)=4.28% semiannually

=4.28% *2=8.56% annually

Now let calculate the after tax cost of debt using this formula

After tax cost of debt=8.56%*(1-t)

Where,

t represent tax rate of 40%

Let plug in the formula

After tax cost of debt=8.56%*(1-0.4)

After tax cost of debt=5.14%

Therefore the best estimate of the after-tax cost of debt is 5.14%

8 0

3 years ago

Jacques deposited $1,900 into an account that earns 4% interest compounded semiannually. After t years, Jacques has $3,875.79 in

kupik [55]

A year has two semesters, then
n = 2v(t)=p(1+r/2)2t

3875.79 = 1900∗(1+(0.04/2))^2t

2.0398895 = (1+0.042)^2t
Apply natural logarithm on both sides

ln(2.0398895) = ln[(1+0.042)^2t]

Then simplify,
0.712896 = 2t∗ln(1.02)

t = 0.712896 / (2∗ln(1.02))

t=18 years

I hope my answer helped you. Have a nice day!

3 0

3 years ago

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What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of a) individuals as innovators, b) firms as innovators, c) universities as in

ch4aika [34]

Answer:

a. Individuals as innovators

Advantages

1. Individuals have no limits (no hard rules) as to whom they can sell their innovation to.

2. An individual can be able lead a successful career with their innovation is any company

Disadvantages

1. Capital is a major limit for most individuals who may not be able to market their innovations.

2. Lack of Knowledge in Patenting innovation ideas have led to most individuals losing their innovation to others.

b. firms as innovators

Advantages

1. Successful innovation can help a firm improve its processes and increase its revenues.

2. Innovation in a unique product can often lead a firm to monopoly as the product becomes a necessity

Disadvantages

1. Firms have more rivalry such that others can copy the innovation or produce another close substitute which can render all efforts to a loss.

2.It takes so much time for the innovation to be approved in a firm as some structures of authority have to be followed and also depending on the culture of the firm towards innovation.

c. universities as innovators

Advantages

1. Universities are better able to raise capital through the Research Funds granted to them by stakeholders.

2. Innovation increases a University`s reputation and improves it rankings.

Disadvantages

1. High dependence on government agencies for funding by Universities means Innovation successes are easily affected by the fiscus.

2. Universities are not effective at marketing Innovations on their own.

d. government institutions as innovators

Advantages

1. The government can increase revenue by improving processes and cutting costs.

2. Innovation can improve transparency and help improve governance and administration.

Disadvantages

1. Adoption of innovation is usually slow as it has to pass so much bureaucracy.

2. Most personnel prefer working in private institutions hence the personnel to drive innovation in governments may be unavailable or inadequate

e. nonprofit organizations as innovators

Advantages

1. There is so much option for funding of innovations ranging from Individuals, Companies and Government

2. Most innovations are driven by Human Need hence their increased success.

Disadvantages

1. The innovation may not be able to generate the revenue to cover the costs.

2. The organizations are usually lacking personal's to drive innovations as people prefer to be paid more for their work.

Explanation:

Innovation is defined as the creation, development and implementation of a new product, process or service. The aim of innovation is to improve efficiency, effectiveness or competitive advantage. Innovation presents advantages and disadvantages to various players as listed above.

6 0

3 years ago

Blink, Inc. has 1,000 shares of $10 par, 5% preferred stock, and 20,000 shares of $10 par common stock issued and outstanding. I

monitta

Answer:

The answer is : The payment to common shareholders will total $19,500

Explanation:

Because preferred share has priority to receive dividend over common shares, the amount of dividend declaration must fulfill the firm's commitment to its preferred shareholders before the residual amount may be distributed among common shareholders.

Amount of dividend needs to be paid to preferred share holders = Number of share x Par value per preferred share x % dividend = 1,000 x 10 x 5% = $500.

The residual amount of dividend declaration which will go to common shareholders = 20,000 - 500 = $19,500.

=> Thus, the answer is $19,500.

6 0

3 years ago

Need help on some questions.. easy points...

lilavasa [31]

11. Prioritizing steps to solve the problem.

12. Addressing the cause of the problem

13. To reach fair negotiations with all concerned parties.

I'm not 100% certain on these answers but I hope I help to my best ability.

3 0

3 years ago

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