The pKa represents the pH of the medium at which the zwitterionic amino acid assumes most stable ionic form due to structural stabilization. As the pKa is dependent upon the environmental factors of the solution around the amino acids, a change in their structure and localization can cause change in the pKa of the protein. Thus, the answers can be found as below:
Part A: Decrease (As the lysine is basic in nature, it will tend to stabilize the electrostatic interaction and weak interactions between the acidic amino acids and hydrogen bonds in the viscinity, thus lowering the pH and hence pKa of the protein)
Part B: Increase (As the carboxyl group is acidic in nature, removal of it will tend to increase the pKa since the basic amino acids will tend to accumulate more negative charge in their viscinity)
Part C: Increase (As glutamic acid is an acidic amino acid, its shift from outside to a non-polar site will prevents its ionization and hence the pKa will tend to shift from slightly acidic to slightly basic, hence increase)
Building models doesn't actually help scientists observe phenomena. Scientists build models to describe how nature and systems operate then make observations to see if their models match what they observe. Models which don't match what they observe are either alterated or scrapped. Good models are kept and used by the scientific community.
Explanation:
The sun heats the earth through radiation. Since there is no medium (like the gas in our atmosphere) in space, radiation is the primary way that heat travels in space. When the heat reaches the earth it warms the molecules of the atmosphere, and they warm other molecules and so on.
Answer:
I think I can help you.
Explanation:
I think I can help you.
<em>answer </em>
<em>the </em><em>4</em><em> </em><em>effects </em><em>of </em><em>global </em><em>climate </em><em>change </em><em>are</em><em> </em><em>as</em><em> </em><em>follow</em><em>:</em>
<em>1</em><em>.</em><em>due</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>more </em><em>factor</em><em>ies</em><em>.</em>
<em>2</em><em>.</em><em>due</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>pollut</em><em>ion</em><em>.</em>
<em>3</em><em>.</em><em>due</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>air </em><em>pollution</em><em>.</em>
<em>4</em><em>.</em><em>due</em><em> </em><em>to</em><em> </em><em>water </em><em>pollution</em><em>.</em>
Feral rock pigeons were screened for neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus during late winter/spring and summer of 2002 and 2003. Additionally, virus isolation from serum was attempted from 269 birds collected during peak transmission
