The normal atomic orbitals are joined mathematically during the process of hybridization to create new atomic orbitals known as hybrid orbitals. Even if hybrid orbitals are not identical to regular atomic orbitals.
<h3>What are atomic orbitals?</h3>
Atomic theory & quantum mechanics use the mathematical concept of a "atomic orbital" to describe the location and wavelike behavior of an electron within an atom. Each of those orbitals can contain a maximum of electron pairs, each with a unique spin quantum number s.
<h3>How are atomic orbitals calculated?</h3>
Within every of an atom's shells, various orbital combinations can be found. The n=1 shell has just s orbitals; the n=2 shell contains s and p orbitals; the n=3 shell contains s, p, and d orbitals; and the n=4 up shells include all four types of orbitals.
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The ion charge located in the isotope symbol on the top right corner. <span>The number part of an </span>isotope's<span> name is the Mass Number (P + N). A negatively</span>charged ion<span> (anion) will have more Electrons than Protons. Cl 1- has one more electron than proton; 18 electrons, 17 protons. That's why its </span>charge<span> is 1-.</span>
For sodium, it has 1 valence electron
For oxygen, it has 6 valence electrons
For iron, it has 2 valence electrons
