Catherine de Medici was the person
I would say this part...
"Secure the blessings of liberty, to ourselves and our prosperity"
Answer:
General McClellan
Explanation:
McClellan was fired by Abraham Lincoln after the battle of Antietam. The battle ended with a Northern victory over the Confederate states lead by Robert E. Lee.
For this question you need only to know what the capital of the Byzantine Empire was: it was Constantinople, this should be the correct answer (I hope it's in options).
Today this city is known as Istanbul, and it's the biggest city in Turkey.