The length of the inclined plane divided by the vertical rise, or you can call it run to rise ratio. The mechanical advantage would increase as the slope of the incline decreases, but problem is that the load will have to go a longer distance. The mechanical advantage would be slope of the incline. I also got confused on a question like this and did some research. Hope this helps!
Answer:
Automatic and Explicit Buffering.
In the case of explicit buffering, the length of the queue is provided while in automatic buffering the queue size needs to be indefinite. In automatic buffering there is no need to block the sender while coping the message. While in explicit buffering the sender is blocked for the space in queue.
No memory is being wasted in explicit buffering.
Send by Copy and Send by Reference.
By using the send by copy method, the receiver is not able to change the state of parameter while send by reference allow. The advantage of using the send by reference method is that it allows to change a centralized application to its distributed version.
Fixed-sized and Variable-sized Messages.
In fixed size messaging refers, the buffer size is fixed. This means only a particular number of messages can only be supported by the fixed size buffer. The drawback of the fixed size messages is that they must be a part of fixed size buffer. These are not a part of variable size buffer. The advantage of variable size message is that the length of the message is variable means not fixed. The buffer length is unknown. The shared memory is being used by the variable size messages.
Explanation:
Let me re-write the proposition:
p↔q⊕(¬p↔¬r)∧¬q.
Generally, the number of rows in a truth table depends on the number of Variables. Here we have 3 Variables: p,q and r. Each of them can have either the value of 1 or 0, which gives us 2*2*2 possibilities, or 2³, that is 8 possibilities and 8 rows:
p=0, q=0, r=0
p=0, q=0, r=1
p=0, q=1, r=0
p=0, q=1, r=1
p=1, q=0, r=0
p=1, q=0, r=1
p=1, q=1, r=0
p=1, q=1, r=1
