You have to use this format for example $A$2
The format for absolute reference is designated with a dollar sign ($). If both column and, put a dollar sign before and in between the row and column. By doing this, column and row do not change when copied.
Database management systems are used to store and to access information.
In <span>the Relational Database Management System </span>(RDBMS), all the data is in the form of simple columns and rows in a table. Structured Query Language (SQL) is is the standard query language for RDBMS. Some of the disadvantages of RDBMS are: not enough storage area to handle data such as images, digital and audio/video, do not provide good support for nested structures,not much efficient and effective integrated support.
<span>The
term object oriented database management systems (OODBMS) refers to a wide variety of different database technologies
that were developed in order to overcome some of the limitations of
relational databases.</span>
Answer: Explanation:
Salting alters the hash of a password so that it does not physically match the hash of another password. A salt and password are concatenated and processed with a cryptographic hash function. Salt prevents use of rainbow and hash tables to attacking and cracking passwords.
For example, a user has the password, "password000" and is put through a SHA1 hash. In the password database, all of the users with the password "password000" will have the exact same hash, because of the nature of hashing functions. So, if an attacker breaches the database and brute force the password of the user mentioned above, he could look for all the hashes that match the original user's and would know their passwords are also "password000".
By applying a salt, the password hashes would no longer be identical to one another, even though the actual password is still the same. This requires the attacker to go in and attempt to brute force the second password (which has a different salt), even though it may be the same as the first.
In conclusion, it prevents an attacker from uncovering one password and subsequently uncovering multiple others.
