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WARRIOR [948]
3 years ago
6

The accompanying figure shows data from an experiment in which researchers measure how far dynein traveled in the presence and a

bsence of dynactin. The Y axis shows the percent of the time that the researchers observed either dynein + dynactin “walking” A certain distance on a microtubule. What can you conclude from these data
Biology
1 answer:
marta [7]3 years ago
3 0

The addition of dynactin caused dynein to travel farther along the micro tubule.

<u>Explanation:</u>

Dynein is a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along micro tubules in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in ATP to mechanical work. Dynein transports various cellular cargo, provides forces and displacements important in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella.

Dynactin is a 23 sub unit protein complex that acts as a co-factor for the micro tubule motor cytoplasmic dynein-1. It is built around a short filament of actin related protein-1.

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When pink sweet peas were self-pollinated and the seeds were collected and sown, the following flower colors were obtained: Red
Pavlova-9 [17]

Answer:

c. 1:2:1

The results are consistent with incomplete dominance for this trait, with pink flowers being heterozygous.

Explanation:

If flower color were determined by a gene showing incomplete dominance, the possible genotypes and phenotypes are as follows:

  • RR- red
  • ww - white
  • Rw - pink

If pink sweet peas are self-pollinated, then a cross between two heterozygous individuals is done (Rw x Rw).

<u>From this cross the expected ratios are:</u>

  • 1/4 RR (red)
  • 2/4 Rw (pink)
  • 1/4 ww (white)

So the null hypothesis is that the observed results exhibit a 1:2:1 ratio.

<h3><u>Chi square test</u></h3>

X^{2} = \sum \frac{(Observed - Expected)^2}{Expected}

<u>The observed frequencies were:</u>

  • 34 Red
  • 76 Pink
  • 40 White

Total 150

<u>The expected frequencies for our null hypothesis are:</u>

  • 1/4 x 150 = 37.5 Red
  • 2/4 x 150 = 75 Pink
  • 1/4 x 150 = 37.5 white

X^{2} = \frac{(34- 37.5)^2}{37.5} + \frac{(76- 75)^2}{75} + \frac{(40- 37.5)^2}{37.5}

X^2=0.5067

The degrees of freedom (DF) are calculated as number of phenotypes - 1; in this case DF = 3-1 = 2.

If we look at the Chi square table, for 2 DF and a probability of p0.05, the critical value is 5.991

Our X^2 value of 0.5067 is less than the critical value, so we do not reject the null hypothesis. The results are consistent with incomplete dominance for this trait, with pink flowers being heterozygous.

8 0
3 years ago
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