We are asked to provide an equation for the transformation of 2-phenylethanoic acid to 2-phenylethanol. This type of a reaction is converting a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, which is classified as a reduction reaction since we are decreasing the number of bonds to oxygen in the molecule. In order to reduce a carbonyl to an alcohol, we need a source of hydride, H⁻. Reducing the carboxylic acid once will convert it to the aldehyde. However, we need to reduce the functional group all the way down to an alcohol, which is another reduction step after aldehyde formation. Therefore, the hydride source of choice is lithium aluminum hydride, LiAlH₄.
A reaction scheme is provided to show the reaction of the reduction of carboxylic acid to alcohol. The first step is addition of lithium aluminum hydride which does the reduction, and the second step is a work-up of acid which protonates the alcohol to get the final product.
Answer:
The atmosphere is the superhighway in the sky that moves water everywhere over the Earth. Water at the Earth's surface evaporates into water vapor which rises up into the sky to become part of a cloud which will float off with the winds, eventually releasing water back to Earth as precipitation.
Explanation:
If you don't want to plagiarize change it up a bit.
Answer:
ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ - ΔH₃
Explanation:
Given that:
1. A → 2B
2. B → C + D
3. E → 2D
Assuming from the corresponding ΔH for process 1, 2 and 3 are ΔH₁, ΔH₂, ΔH₃ respectively.
To estimate the ΔH for the process A → 2C + E
We multiply 2 with equation 2 where (B → C + D)
2B → 2C + 2D ⇒ 2ΔH₂
Also, let's switch equation (3), such that we have,
2D → E -ΔH₃
The summation of all the equation result into :
A → 2C + E
where; ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ - ΔH₃
Answer:
I think it would be a liquid.
Explanation:
If the temperature hits a certain point, it will turn to ice. If the ice gets exposed to heat, it will melt and return back to it's natural form, a lqiuid. If the liquid is exposed to enough heat, it will evaporate. Not sure if this is right, but I tried my best!
1. The hypothesis for this is experiment is that the 50:50 of methanol-water mixture will not turn to solid when the temperature reaches to -40°C.
2. The procedure for this is measuring equal volumes of water and methanol using the graduated cylinder. You can measure 100 mL of water and 100 mL of methanol using the graduated cylinder. Then, mix them in the beaker. Next, measure 200 mL of water, and another 200 mL of methanol. Don't mix them. Also, make a 60:40 mixture by measuring 120 mL of water and 80 mL of methanol, then mix them together. Place them all in the refrigerator at the same time. Record the time when they would freeze to solid.
3. The controls for this experiment are the 200 mL water alone, and the 200 mL methanol alone.
4. The independent variable in here is the time, while the dependent variable is the temperature of the mixtures.
5. If the hypothesis turns out to be true, then all the mixtures prepared should freeze and become solid after a certain period of time, with the exception of the 50:50 mixture. The 50:50 mixture should still remain as a liquid even when left overnight.
