Answer:
a. the virus must be able to cross-link red blood cells directly.
Explanation:
Viral hemagglutination assay is a method which is used for the quantification of the relative concentration of the viruses.
The principle on which the hemagglutination assay works is as follows:
- There are sialic acid receptors present on the surface of the red blood cells which will bind to the haemagglutinin glycoprotein present on the surface of the viral particle.
- Due to the binding of the sialic acid receptors with haemagglutinin particle there will be cross-linking of the red blood cells by the viral particles and a lattice formation will take place.
- The lattice will remain suspended in the solution however if the concentration of the virus particles will be less, the lattice will settle down in the well.
Thus, this method allows knowing the relative concentration of the virus.
<em>Due to its basic principle of cross-linking this method works well for only a few viruses such as influenza virus. </em>
Mitosis is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. The parent cell of 10 chromosomes will end up becoming two daughter cells that each have a copy of those 10 chromosomes.
Hope this helps! :)
Ok so answer for 5 would be
5) a mimicry could be a great fully helpful adaption because as an example, the butterfly’s that blend in with trees, or the butterfly’s that look like birds, can either scare away predators or they can blend in.
6) as an example, a blue tongue skink has a blue tongue which is very common in venomous animals. Whenever said skink is threatened, it puffs up, opens its mouth, and hisses. When most predators see the tongue, they assume it’s venomous/poisonous because of the bright color. Another example would be milk snakes who look like coral snakes to scare away predators
Answer:
In gram-negative bacteria, the thin layer of peptidoglycan is surrounded by an outer membrane made of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and proteins. This statement accurately describes specific bacterial cell walls.
Explanation:
The Gram- negative bacteria constitute of an outer membrane which is richly made up of lipopolysaccharides, phopholipids and proteins. The lipopolysaccharides function mainly as a virulence factor and are involved in causing variety of diseases in animals.
Gram- negative bacteria can be seperated from gram- positive bacteria mainly because of the thickness of peptidoglycan and by the presence of the outer membrane of Gram- negative bacteria. The outer membrane is absent in Gram- positive bacteria.
