Answer:
"A frameshift mutation is a type of mutation involving the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in which the number of deleted base pairs is not divisible by three. "Divisible by three" is important because the cell reads a gene in groups of three bases. Each group of three bases corresponds to one of 20 different amino acids used to build a protein. If a mutation disrupts this reading frame, then the entire DNA sequence following the mutation will be read incorrectly."
Explanation:
Answer: The correct answer is Mitosis.
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which parent cell is converted into two daughter cells having same number of chromosomes as that of the parent cell.
It is divided into the following stages-
1) Prophase- It is the first phase of mitosis in which condensation of chromosomes ( clearly visible chromosomes with sister chromatids) takes place and the nuclear membrane is disappeared.
2) Metaphase- It is the second phase in which chromosomes are aligned at the equatorial plate of the cell and they are anchored by microtubules from opposite poles.
3) Anaphase- It is the third phase in which each sister chromatid of the chromosome is pulled apart ( with the help of microtubules) towards the opposite pole.
4) Telophase- Chromosome decondensation takes place and nuclear membrane is formed so that two nuclei are visible now.
5) Cytokinesis- It is the last phase of mitosis in which division of cytoplasm takes place so that two daughter cells are produced having same number of chromosomes as their parent cell.
Answer:
Smaller the size of the DNA fragment, farther it moves during electrophoresis. The sketch of the position of the fragments has been drawn in the figure below.
Explanation:
As we know DNA is a negatively charged molecule. So during electrophoresis the fragments move towards the positive electrode because opposite charges attract each other.
Different fragment move different distances according to their size during the electrophoresis. Smallest segment travels the largest distance in the gel medium while the largest one travels least distance.
In the question there are four DNA fragments with base pairs 4000, 2500, 2000 and 400 so the smallest segment with 400bp will be farthest from the starting point and the largest fragment with 4000bp will travel least distance in the gel medium. Their respective positions are shown in the figure below. The starting point is near the negative electrode.
plastic items take up to 1000 years to decompose in landfills. But plastic bags we use in our everyday life take 10-20 years to decompose, while plastic bottles take 450 years.
I hope this helps
