Question

Which sociological perspective uses the contact hypothesis to posit that contact between people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain factors are present? a. functionalism b. conflict theory c. symbolic interactionism d. equalitarian pluralism

Answer 1

Answer:

D. Equalitarian pluralism

Explanation:

• Functionalism: is a sociological perspective based on the works of Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton.  This theory sees the society as a machine, as a system of interconnected parts that works together to maintain balance. In this sense, the institutions have a function in order to accomplish this, for example, Education (in schools and universities) is an institution with the function of transmiting society’s skills, knowledge, culture and history to its youth; the Family institution provides a context of reproduction and first socialization of childrens; religion is the institution that provides moral guidance.
• Conflict theory: in contrast of the Functionalism, the conflict theory sees society as the competition of different groups for power and resources and it divides it in two larger groups: the one that “haves” and the one that “haves not”. We can use Karl Marx works as an example, as he explains that in the development of economics, the need of survival is replaced by the need of making profits. Industrialization, in the capitalism, leads to the division of the bourgeoisie (the owners of the means of production – haves-) and the proletariat (the workers – haves not)
• Symbolic interactionism: this sociological perspective is concerned with the social psychological dynamics of individuals interacting in small groups. They argue that human behavior, and even our identity,  is influenced by the definitions and meanings that are created and maintained through symbolic interaction with others.

The sociological perspectives above are three of the many explanations of how society works and they don't use the Contact Hypotesis.

In the Equalitarian pluralism perspective, it is said that if the overall culture of a society embraces the individual cultures, is pluralistic, and if they actively embrace them within their society it is equalitarian. In order to be pluralistic they have some conditions:

1. A commitment to diversity.
2. Creating a dialogue so that differences are understood.
3. Demonstrating differences by showcasing them to the society.
4. Actively engaging across line of difference.

The Contact Hypothesis also have four conditions, that if they are present, will lead society to equality:

1. Equal status.
2. Common goals.
3. Intergroup cooperation.
4. Support of authorities, law or costums.

In conclusion, the sociological perspective that uses the Contact Hypothesis to posit that contact between people from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain factors are present is the Equalitarian Pluralism.