Answer:
The correct option is: c.prevent food from entering the lungs
Explanation:
Trachea is a cylindrical cartilaginous hollow pipe that branches into the two primary bronchi of the lungs.<u> It is the passage of air that connects the larynx to the lungs and thus it is also known as the windpipe</u>.
The trachea is lined with a mucous-membrane which moistens and protect the airway.<u> It also traps and prevents the dust and other contaminating particles from reaching the lungs.</u>
Explanation:
first blank is; Mitral valve.
2nd blank is; Left Ventricle
Answer:
A. Natural killer (NK) cells are activated in response to interferons or macrophage and Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and allows direct apoptosis of virus.
Viruses can invade NK cells by inhibiting MHC from reaching the cell surface. Using stimulating the inhibitory receptors and disrupting the activating receptors, viruses can avoid NK cells. MHC act as a ligand of inhibitory receptor, and when bind with inhibitory receptor allows damage to NK cells.
So, if i would be a virus i will use inhibitory receptors stimulation to avoid NK cells.
B. Bacteria are killed by phagocytic immune cell macrophages by engulfing them.
Bacteria avoid macrophages by escaping from phagosome before the lysosome fuses as lysosomal chemical kill the bacteria and some bacteria prevent acidification of the phagosome.
C. Parasites can avoid macrophages by modulating the host's cell cytoskeleton to block proper phagocytosis.
D. Bacteria can avoid dendritic cells by avoiding lysosomal degradation and prevent antigen presentation on MHC molecules that will modulate the entrance to DCs.
E. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Activation of B-cell depends on positive and negative signals transmitted through the B-cell receptor (BCR), so genetic polymorphisms and mutations affects the positive and negative signals. If mutation is done showing negative signal, B cell will not the activate and no antibodies will produce.
The cell membrane<span> is semipermeable, meaning that only certain molecules and </span>substances<span> can pass through </span><span>the cell membrane.;
Hope this helps :))</span>
