All of above choices are functions of antibodies
Answer: The frequency of brown beetles is 0.32.
Explanation: The frequency of A1 allele is 0.8. As p+q=1, or the sum of dominant and recessive frequencies equals 1 or 100%:
1 - 0.8 = 0.2
In Hardy-Weinberg principle,

2pq represents the frequency of heterozygote individuals, so:
genotype A1A2 = 2*0.8*0.2 = 0.32.
Thus, the frequency of brown beetles (A1A2) in the population is 0.32.
Answer:
The correct answer is option d.
Explanation:
Chemical cycling illustrates the systems of concurrent circulation of elements between other states, compounds, and substances, and then return to their original state, which takes place in space, and on many objects in space comprising the Earth.
Chemical cycling of the nutrients (inorganic) is needed to maintain the conservation of nutrients on Earth. The chemical cycling of nutrients in a natural system requires a pool for the elements, the activities done by human beings, the biotic community and its food chains, and an exchange pool from which producers extract their nutrients. All the mentioned factors are associated with affecting a chemical cycling in exception to the input of geothermal energy.
It would decrease as their prime food source would be taken away. This would result in a decline in population as the birds wouldn’t have sufficient food.
Hope that helps. :)
<span>An advantage for the angiosperm approach to the formation of nutritive tissue is in energy conservation.</span> <span>The nutritive tissue is formed via double fertilization in Angiosperms. The advantage of double fertilization is that the plant does not invest energy in seed nutritive tissue until after an egg has been fertilized. This means that endosperm (nutritive tissue) starts to develop and store nutrients after it has been fertilized by a sperm cell.</span> Another advantage is that the endosperm nucleus is very active and <span>divides rapidly, so it forms the nutritive tissue very quickly.</span>