A study examining the relationship between humor and memory compares memory performance scores for one group presented with humo
rous sentences and a second group presented with no humorous sentences. The participants presented with the humorous sentences are all males. The participants presented with the non humorous sentences are all females. In this study, gender (male/female) is best characterized as a(n) ____ variable.
An <em>extraneous variable</em> is a variable in an experiment that you are not intentionally studying. These variables usually provide undesired affects on the experiment.
In this example, the independent variable is whether a sentence is humorous or not, and the dependent variable is the memory performance score. However, because the humorous sentences are only given to males, and the non-humorous sentences are only given to females, gender becomes an extraneous variable as you are not intentionally testing gender's relation to the dependent variable, but it is still affecting the experiment.
The status as a political force is given to the group that have a relevant influence in determining the outcome of united states' poltiics. In united states election, elders on average contribute to around 16% of total voting, which is almost 1/3 of what needed to win the election.
