There are two ways for finding p, here is one way:
1/2 = 4p
Multiply both sides by 2:
1 = 8p
Divide both sides by 8:
0.125 = p
Answer:
p = 0.125
Hope it helped :)
The first one is 4 x 10^-9
second one is 4 x 10^10
third one is 5 x 10^7
fourth on is 2 x 10^-5
Hi!
We are given the information found in the picture below.
Note: The directions aren't correct, but the triangle works for this problem.
The "direct path" is the hypotenuse of this triangle.
To find this, we use the Pythagorean Theorem, where
and
are 2 legs of the triangle, and
is the hypotenuse, aka the longest side of any triangle:

We know
and
and want 



Therefore,
is approximately 