B replaced because it takes place when water dissolves the original hard parts and replaces them with mineral matter.
Answer:
specimens B is the right answer
The correct answer is option B and C, that is, they do not share similar stimulus characteristics and include a restricted number of stimuli.
An arbitrary stimulus class refers to predecessor stimuli, which induce the similar reaction, however, they do not share relational feature and do not resemble each other in physical form. For example, cheese, peanuts, chicken breasts, and coconut milk are the members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they induce the response, that is, sources of protein.
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
Reproduction is one of the essential characteristics of all living beings. However, if they reproduce to their full capability, the number of offspring would be higher than the available resource. Due to this reason there is always shortage of resources and hence competition arises among the species.
The fit species survive among all the competing species while the remaining weak species die. As Darwin also said that species have the ability to reproduce uncontrollably therefore, competition among the species for survival is a mode of population regulation
Hence, the given statement is true
