The nurse is caring for a neonate with an exstrophy of the bladder, the nurse is planning care, the priority will be the client will be free from infection.
What is exstrophy of the bladder?
Early on during a fetus's development in the womb, bladder exstrophy, a complex, uncommon condition, manifests itself. The pubic bones remain separate and the bladder is exposed to the outside skin surface through a hole in the lower abdominal wall because the abdominal wall is still forming as the bladder develops.
A developmental anomaly that manifests 4-5 weeks after conception, in which the cloacal membrane is not replaced by tissue that will eventually form the abdominal muscles, is the root cause of the bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex.
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Answer: d. Confounding
Explanation:
In the context of a scientific study such as this one, a confounding factor is one that has influence on both the exposure and event variable(s), which may lead to over- or underestimation of the direct relationship between them (if any).
For instance: In this example, researchers may have had reason to believe that male gender is associated with both higher risk of obesity (the exposure variable) and adult-onset asthma (the event variable). If gender is not taken into account, one may claim that the finding of an association between obesity and asthma is simply an artifact due to the high proportion of male patients (likely to present with both). <em>Controlling</em> for that variable (such as by matching, as in this example) allows researchers to test for this hypothesis.
