<span>b. the pendleton act hope this helped</span>
The answer to your question is,
A. Observation
-Mabel <3
Answer by Mimiwhatsup: China, Russia, France
Proof: "The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China (formerly the Republic of China), France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom." (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-will-become-permanent-member-of-un-security-council-swaraj/articleshow/58046679.cms)
Answer:
Early civilizations arose first in Lower Mesopotamia (3000 BCE), followed by Egyptian civilization along the Nile River (3000 BCE), the Harappan civilization in the Indus River Valley (in present-day India and Pakistan; 2500 BCE), and Chinese civilization along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers (2200 BCE).
Explanation:
Civilization describes a complex way of life that came about as people began to develop networks of urban settlements. The earliest civilizations developed between 4000 and 3000 BCE, when the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability.