Bio-Engineering is the use of living vegetation, either alone or in conjunction with civil engineering structures and non-living plant material, to reduce shallow-seated instability and erosion.
<u>Explanation:</u>
DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-ENGINEERING:
In Germany and Austria wishes to use the low-cost local materials and traditional constructions due to their Financial restrictions of pre-war years 1930's
ADVANTAGES OF BIO-ENGINEERING:
Re-establishing vegetation and store the hydrology from the surface to control of accelerated erosion.
Cost-effective treatments:
- landslides
- Roadside failures
- River stream banks
- mining reclamation.
EXAMPLE:
GRASS PLANTING
Usually planting the large grass clumps in lines across the slope.
Horizontal lines are used to increase the protection against erosion.
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Explanation:
Selection pressure means factors that contribute to selection which variations will provide the individual with an increase chance of surviving over others. Because of selective pressures, organisms with certain phenotypes have an advantage when it comes to survival and reproduction. Over time, this leads to evolution.
Bioprinting involves the use of biomaterials in the printing process. The
biomaterials are used with standard 3-D materials in order to produce prints
which form a replica of the body and are able to imitate the body cells and
tissues.
Organs which are commonly bioprinted include the kidney, heart , liver and spleen.
Bioprinting is important as it helps in the area of researches to measure
organs functions and metabolism.It is therefore unethical due to the risk of
cancer and safety complications which is mostly irreversible as a result of
living cells being used.
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<h2>M
ulti-Chambered Heart </h2>
Explanation:
- The four-chambered in warm blooded mammals like frog's have three chambered of heart.
- Other warm-blooded creatures, consume a great deal of vitality and need a lot of oxygen.This change bears the turtle's body blood that is somewhat more extravagant in oxygen than the frog's.
Advantages of fish-
- The heart doesn't require extra chambers past the initial two.
- Fish and different creatures with 2-chambered hearts, along these lines, have less difficult circulatory frameworks than creatures with lungs and therefore, 3-and 4-chambered hearts.
Advantages of Amphibians-
-
The amphibians have a three chambered of the heart which to be very helpful to amphibians of land and water.
Advantages of Reptiles-
-
The reptiles have a three-chambered heart comprising of one ventricle and two atria.
- The chamber called the correct chamber gets d<em>eoxygenated, or "spent," blood coming back from the body tissues. </em>
Advantages of Mammals-
-
The four-chambered heart of feathered mammals and well evolved creatures advanced freely from a three-chambered heart.
Advantages of Birds -
-
Birds like mammals , similar to vertebrates, have a 4-chambered heart (2 atria and 2 ventricles), with complete division of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood.
- The correct ventricle siphons blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle siphons blood to the remainder of the body.
