Atoms, molecules, cell membranes, then cell (in order from smallest to biggest).
Viral replication involves six steps: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it.
toxic enzymes that damage the host cell that are coded for in the viral genome
secretion of chemicals from the virus to the membrane of the host cell
replication of the viral genetic material within the host
lysis of the host to release new viruses
integrating into the host cell chromosomes
<span>s that a single on off switch can control the whole cluster of functionally related genes; these genes are coordinately controlled (ex: when Ecoli must make tryptophan for itself because the nutrient medium lacks this amino acid all the enzymes for the metabolic pathway are synthesized at one time)</span>
They form memory cells in which those cells remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production, in aid of future infections.
Potential energy is stored energy that can be called upon for use at a later time. Kinetic energy is energy that an object has because it is moving.