Answer:
The white blood cells i.e. granulocytes and macrophages are specifically stimulated by GM-CSF in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Explanation:
The colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are the regulators of granulocytes and macrophages in blood. The CSFs has the potential to regenerate the white blood cells damaged during chemotherapy. Thus, CSFs mobilize the stem cells to enhance the immune process and produce hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, macrophages in cancer patients. The CSFs resemble hormones that are specifically targeted to produce blood cells in specified regions where the quantity of those cells is low. The CSFs belong to a group of regulatory factors also known as cytokines and does not produce only a single cell type but stimulates colonies of different blood cell types for any specific organ. Hematopoietic cells produced by CSF are step-wise and formation of blast colonies take place initially. Afterwards, the blast cells regenerate and differentiated into multiple progenitor cells consisting of granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophills, erythroids, and lymphocytes. The progenitor cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage matures into neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Out of all types of CSF colonies, the Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) colony is specially involved in regenerating immune responses in cancer patients. These cytokines stimulates the dendritic cell formation and produces dendritic activity against the cancerous cells. These GM-CSF colonies enhance the immune response of host against melanomas, tumors by reducing their growth and inducing remission. Hence, it can be said that granulocytes and macrophages are infection protective cells and elevates dangerously low levels of white blood cells in cancer patients following chemotherapy. The GM-CSF induction regenerates the bone marrow which is damaged and improves stem cells production.
Answer:
<u>Cardiac output = ejection volume X heart rate
</u>
Explanation:
CARDIAC EXPENSE, is the amount of blood that the ventricles propel every minute.
<u>
Cardiac output = ejection volume X heart rate
</u>
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Cardiac output is modified by changing the volume that is expelled in each beat (<em>ejection volume or systolic volume</em>), or by changing the heart rate.
<em>The heart covers a wide range of blood flow demands. Cardiac output can range from 5 to 30 L / min, depending on the activity of the organism.</em>
Answer:
D.
strep throat is a bacterial infection that can be eradicated with antibiotic treatment
Explanation:
Family medicine: Patient differences. One primary difference between internal medicine and family medicine can be found within their patient demographics. ... “Internal medicine focuses exclusively on adult medicine, while family medicine typically sees all the members of a family—children as well as adults,”
The immediate action taken by the nurse should be the immediate administration of intravenous Phenytoin Sodium.
What is phenytoin sodium?
A pharmaceutical medication, phenytoin. There are three oral dosage forms available: suspension, chewable tablets, and extended-release capsules. It is also available as an injectable medicine that is administered by a medical professional.
Phenytek and Dilantin are two brand-name medications that contain phenytoin oral capsule. It is moreover a generic medication. Drugs that are generic typically cost less than those that are brand-name. They might not always be offered in every strength or form that the brand-name medication is.
In a combination therapy with other anti-seizure drugs, phenytoin may be used.
<h3>Why is it used?</h3>
For the treatment of tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures in epileptics, phenytoin oral capsules are utilized. It can be taken either on its own or in conjunction with other anti-epileptic or anti-seizure medications.
To learn more about Seizures with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/2375809
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