This question is incomplete. It is missing names and descriptions of the court cases descriptions that are needed to be matched. Here they are (correctly matched):
<em>Tape v. Hurley: </em><em>The California Supreme Court forced San Francisco to admit Chinese students into public schools.
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This case ended in <u>March 1885</u>, with the Supreme Court decision that refusal to admit a Chinese American student Mamie Tape to the all-white Spring Valley School was unlawful. This was a landmark court case.
<em>United States v. Wong Kim Ark: </em><em>The Supreme Court ruled the Fourteenth Amendment awarded citizenship to children of Chinese immigrants born on American soil.
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This case was decided on <u>March 28, 1898</u>, with the Supreme Court ruling that Wong Kim Ark, who was born in San Francisco in 1873 to Chinese couple, was unlawfully denied entry to the United States after his trip abroad.
<em>Yick Wo v. Hopkins:</em><em> The U.S. Supreme Court ordered the city of San Francisco to grant licenses to Chinese laundries.
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This case was decided on <u>May 10, 1886</u>, with the Supreme Court ruling that the administration of law in a discriminating manner is an infringement of the Equal Protection Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In particular, here out of 200 applications, only one permit to operate a wooden building laundry was granted to a Chinese owner, while all non-Chinese owners always received permits.
The right to petition members of the government is technically contained in the first amendment to the Constitution which protects the freedom of speech.
Torque is a turning effect of a force applied at distance. This is the force that helps in the tightening and loosening of elements such as bolts and screws. So, if you need to insert a screw in a piece of wood to drive it in, the force you need to apply using a screwdriver is called Torque. Therefore, the answer is "Torque"