Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of certain alpha proteobacteria. They are, however, no longer able to lead indepe
ndent lives because most genes originally present on their chromosome have moved to the nuclear genome. Which phenomenon accounts for the movement of these genes?
The phenomenon that accounts for the movement of these genes is Horizontal Gene transfer. Also known as Lateral gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between unicellular organism other than by vertical transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. Horizontal gene transfer(HGT) is very important for the evolution of organism.
they trace species origins back and find common point and every time they do, they connect them on the line, creating something that looks like "branches" google "cladogram"
The phenotypic ratio is the distribution pattern (expressed as a ratio) of the physical characteristics in the offspring obtained after a genetic cross.