A pair of basketball shoes was originally $80, but was marked up 37.5%. What was the retail price of the shoes?
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If you're just starting calculus, perhaps you're asking about using the definition of the derivative to differentiate .
We have
Expand the numerator using the binomial theorem, then simplify and compute the limit.
In general, the derivative of a power function is
. (This is the aptly-named "power rule" for differentiation.)