Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
a) In the mechanism for the acid catalysed esterification of propanoic acid using ethanol, we can see that the first step is the protonation of the acid followed by nucleophillic attack of the alcohol. Loss of water and consequent deprotonation regenerates the acid catalyst. We can see the fate of the 18O labelled ethanol in the mechanism shown.
b) In the second mechanism, an unnamed ester is hydrolysed using an acid catalyst. The attack of the acid and subsequent nucleophillic attack of water labelled with 18O leads to the incorporation of this 18O into the product acid as shown in the mechanism attached to this answer.
Answer : The new volume of the air is, 6.83 L
Explanation :
Charles' Law : It states that volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure.
Mathematically,
where,
are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.
are the final volume and temperature of the gas.
We are given:
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Therefore, the new volume of the air is, 6.83 L
Assuming that the contents of the chamber ar ideal gases. We can use the relation PV=nRT. At a constant
temperature and number of moles of the gas the product of PV is equal to some
constant. At another set of condition of temperature, the constant is still the
same. Calculations are as follows:
P1V1 =P2V2
P2 = (1)(450)/ 48
P2 = 9.375 atm
Fe (iron) has 26
protons,30 neutrons and 26 electrons. In order to calculate the binding energy,
first you need to find the total mass of all particles in the nucleus:
<span>
<span>26 x mass of proton + 30 x mass of neutron ( all in a.m.u.) =
say "m" </span></span>
<span>
Mass defect is m- 55.9207 amu, then convert it into grams and
put in equation E = mc2 to get binding energy of Fe.</span>
<span> Divide it by number of nucleons to get binding
energy per nucleon</span>.
