Answer:
Transporters are the integral membrane proteins that serve to move the substances across the membrane.
Explanation:
Transporters are the membrane proteins that serve to move specific ions or molecules across the lipid bilayer. These are the integral membrane proteins. Transporters include carriers, channels, pumps, etc. Channels are the integral membrane proteins that serve to provide a pathway for transport of charged and/or polar substances that otherwise can not cross the non-polar core of the lipid bilayer.
Pumps are involved in the active transport of substances against the concentration gradient and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Some of the examples of transporters are voltage-gated ion channels, GLUT1 glucose transporter, F₀F₁ ATPase proton pump, etc.
The two stages of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions). Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed.
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The advantage to prokaryotes grouping related metabolic gene products into a single operon is they only needed one mRNA to create several gene products. This makes a prokaryote different to a eukaryote in terms of gene information processing. Prokaryotes have fewer genes. These genes are located in one chromosome only.