Answer:
a) The ductility = -30.12%
the negative sign means reduction
Therefore, there is 30.12% reduction
b) the true stress at fracture is 658.26 Mpa
Explanation:
Given that;
Original diameter  = 12.8 mm
 = 12.8 mm
Final diameter  = 10.7
 = 10.7
Engineering stress   = 460 Mpa
 = 460 Mpa
a) determine The ductility in terms of percent reduction in area;
Ai = π/4( )²  ; Ag = π/4(
 )²  ; Ag = π/4( )²
 )²
% = π/4 [ ( ( )² - (
 )² - ( )²) / ( π/4  (
 )²) / ( π/4  ( )²) ]
 )²) ]
= ( ( )² - (
 )² - ( )²) / (
 )²) / ( )² × 100
 )² × 100
we substitute
= [( (10.7)² - (12.8)²) / (12.8)² ] × 100
= [(114.49 - 163.84) / 163.84 ] × 100
= - 0.3012 × 100
= -30.12%
the negative sign means reduction
Therefore, there is 30.12% reduction
b) The true stress at fracture;
True stress   =
 =  ( 1 +
 ( 1 +   )
 )
 is engineering strain
  is engineering strain 
 = dL / Lo
  = dL / Lo
= (do² - df²) / df² = (12.8² - 10.7²) / 10.7² = (163.84 - 114.49) / 114.49 
= 49.35 / 114.49   
 = 0.431
 = 0.431
so we substitute the value of  into our initial equation;
  into our initial equation;
True stress   = 460 ( 1 +  0.431)
 = 460 ( 1 +  0.431)
True stress   = 460 (1.431)
 = 460 (1.431)
True stress   = 658.26 Mpa
 = 658.26 Mpa
Therefore, the true stress at fracture is 658.26 Mpa