<span>Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of molecules [or ions] in a given volume of solvent and not on the properties (e.g. size or mass) of the compound. Colligative properties include: lowering of vapor pressure; elevation of boiling point; depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure.</span>
So, you need to have same ammount of atoms on the left and on the right side of the equation. You need to count the ammount of attoms of every substance on the left, and make sure that on the right side the ammount is same. For example in the 1st one it’s 6Sn+2P4=2Sn3P4, so that you have 6atoms of Sn on the left and 6 atoms of Sn on the right, same with the P
Heat & pressure. hope this helps
Answer:
Explanation:
Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks. While all atoms of an element were identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.
In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by experimenting with a Crookes, or cathode ray, tube. He demonstrated that cathode rays were negatively charged. In addition, he also studied positively charged particles in neon gas.
Rutherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure.
The Bohr model shows the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. Bohr was the first to discover that electrons travel in separate orbits around the nucleus and that the number of electrons in the outer orbit determines the properties of an element.
Gamma radiation have the most penetrating power. It can penetrate through human body, aluminum and other metals. It can be stopped by lead. Hence, the radioactive waste are stored in lead container for safety purposes. The beta ray has more penetrating power than the alpha but less than gamma. The beta radiations can be stopped by aluminum. The alpha radiations have least penetrating power and it can be stopped by human hands.
