How is it possible that phylogenies based on sequences from nuclear genomes and organellar genomes (i.e., chloroplasts and mitoc
hondria) from the same group of species yield phylogenetic trees with different branching orders? the genome of the endosymbiont is more closely related to members of the group in which it originally evolved, while the nuclear genome of the engulfing organism has its own evolutionary trajectory.for organelles like chloroplasts, no mutations can occur or photosynthesis would stop and the organism would die. the nuclear genome can accumulate mutations, so it can continue to evolve.nuclear and organellar genes evolved at different rates, obscuring evolutionary relationships.transfer of genetic material from the genome of the endosymbiont to the host results in two phylogenies, host and endosymbiont. the host genome continues to accumulate mutations, but the endosymbiont genome cannot?
How is it possible that phylogenies based on sequences from nuclear genomes and organellar genomes (i.e., chloroplasts and mitochondria) from the same group of species yield phylogenetic trees with different branching orders? Answer : <span>The genome of the endosymbiont is more closely related to members of the group in which it originally evolved, while the nuclear genome of the engulfing organism has its own evolutionary trajectory.</span>
Intellectual Property Rights are certain legal laws framed by the government of a country to ensure that the formulation, procedure of synthesis and monopoly of production of certain novel commodities remain with the inventor or discoverer of the commodities in form of patents.
According to the question, the legalization of the production of a particular pharmaceutical drug solely by the company Merck through patents prevents other companies from producing the same drug by copying the formulation of the drug from Merck.
Hence, the Merck company gets the monopolistic control on the production of the particular pharmaceutical drug and it can determine the price of the drugs as per not only its research and development costs but also as per its profit margin.
This is because Merck lacks any competitor in the pharmaceutical market as far as the particular pharmaceutical drug is concerned, who could produce and sell the drug at reduced prices.
Hence, the price of the pharmaceutical drug would be high causing the consumers to pay more and suffer losses for consuming the drug.
