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AlexFokin [52]
2 years ago
14

Consider the hypothetical reaction 3A + 4B → C + 2D Over an interval of 2.50 s the average rate of change of the concentration o

f A was measured to be -0.0560 M/s. What is the final concentration of B at the end of this same interval if its concentration was initially 1.700 M?
Chemistry
1 answer:
faust18 [17]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Final [B] = 1.665 M

Explanation:

3A + 4B → C + 2D

Average rection rate = 3[A]/Δt = 4[B]/Δt = [C]/Δt = 2[D]/Δt

0.05600 M/s = 4 [B]/ 2.50 s

[B] = 0.035 M (concentration of B consumed)

Final [B] = initial [B] - consumed [B]

Final [B] = 1.700 M - 0.035 M

Final [B] = 1.665 M

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A) Calculate the osmotic pressure difference between seawater and fresh water. For simplicity, assume thatall the dissolved salt
never [62]

Answer:

a)  Δπ = 1.264 atm

b) W = 128 joules

c)  ΔH >> W  ( a factor greater than 17,000 )

Explanation:

a) The osmotic pressure, π , is determined by :

π = nRT/V, where n= moles of solute

                          R= 0.0821 Latm/kmol

                          T = 300 K

calling π(sw) osmotic pressure for  for sea water and π (fw) for fresh water,

salinity of sea water = 3.5 g / 1L water   (assuming only NaCl for the salts)

salinity of fresh water = 0.5 parts per thousand (range: 0- 0.5 ppt)

πsw = (3.5 g/58.44 g/mol) (0.0821 Latm/Kmol) (300 K ) /1 L = 1.475 atm

πfw = (0.5 g/58.44 g/mol) (0.0821 Latm/Kmol) (300 K ) /1 L = 0.211 atm

d water = 1 g/cm³

Δ π = (1.475 - 0.211) = 1.264 atm

b) W = Δπ V = 1.426 atm x 1L = 1.43 L-atm

1 L-atm = 101.33 j

W =  101.33 j/ Latm x  1.43 Latm = 128 joules

c) ΔH = Q₁ + nΔH vap, where

            Q₁  = heat required to bring the solution from 300 K to boiling, 373 K

            ΔH vap = heat of vaporization

Q = mCΔT = 1000 g x 4.186 j x 73 K = 305.6 j = 0.3056 kj

ΔH vap = (1000 g/ 18 g/mol ) 40.7 kj/mol = 2,261 kj

ΔH =  0.3056 kj + 2,261 kj = 2,261.3 kj

Note = Q << ΔH vap and we could have neglected it.

This result shows why nobody talks about evaporation of sea water to produce fresh water ΔH >> W

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3 years ago
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Answer:

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