Answer:
The carbon has 6 protons
Explanation:
The atomic number equals the quantity of protons and electrons in a neutral element.
Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
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rate brainiest
Answer:
I'm not sure exactly what your supposed to do but a,b and c are all correct but d is false.
Answer:
I and III only
Explanation:
Crop rotation is a farm practice that involves cultivating different species of crops on the same land at different seasons. In other words, the different crops are rotated. Crop rotation is done for various reasons including; improvement of soil fertility, pest and disease control etc.
In this case, a crop rotation of various grains and legumes would be an appropriate solution for the following problems:
- The nutrients in the soil on a farm are being depleted: Legumes are known to be rich in nitrogen and hence add nitrogen to the soil due to the nitrogen-fixing microbes in their roots. Hence, rotating between grains and legumes can help return the depleted nutrients (by grains) to the soil.
- A particular kind of pest is infesting the soil on a farm: Most pests are usually crop-specific, hence, planting only one type of crop can make that soil be infested with a particular kind of pest. However, rotating between crops such as grains and legumes can make a particular pests become scarce or less populated.
