The answer is C. Pheromones are hormones (which are proteinous) produces by individuals of the same species and are a means to send communication signals for social interactions. They signal alarm, food and even sex. Sex pheromones are released by females beetles into the environment to signal their availability for mating. The pheromones are picked up by receptors on the male beetles and this is how they find the females.
Their purpose is reproduction.
Ricin comes under the category of functionally related toxins, in a combination known as RIPs (ribosome inactivating proteins). This disables ribosomes and stops the process of protein synthesis.
They directly associate with and inactivate the ribosomes or modify the factors taking part in the process of translation, generally the elongation step. These proteins bring about depurination of adenine at position 4324 in the 28 S rRNA.
This further inhibits the generation of a critical-stem-loop configuration to which the elongation factor is considered to combine at the time of the translocation step of translation. The ultimate outcome of this activity is the complete inhibition of cellular translation.
These hydrogen atoms can come together in nuclear processes called fusion, which is the process that powers the sun, and through fusion, heavier atoms such as carbon and nitrogen are produced. These in turn undergo fusion to make even heavier atoms, and it is such processes that created all the atoms in the earth.
Chloroplasts are the organelles that contain the chlorophyll pigment, which is essential for the good-making process of photosynthesis.
