During the electron transport, chan energy stored in electrons is used to pump hydrogen protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. The numbers of protons increase this creates a chemical gradient(because there is a higher concentration of ions) and an electrical gradient(because the intermembrane space becomes more positive than the matrix because of the protons-H⁺). Those protons need to flow towards the matrix for equilibrium to occur. As we know the inside membrane of the mitochondria has a reduced permeability. The main place where protons can diffuse is the ATP-synthase(a protein that turns ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP). When protons pass through they release the energy necessary for this reaction to occur(ADP+H₃PO₄-->ATP+H₂O)
Energy from the Sun fuels life on Earth.
Sunlight allows plants, algae and cyanobacteria to use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds like carbohydrates. This process is the fundamental source of organic material in the biosphere.
Answer:
The hypothesis that states that viruses originated from more complex cells is called the regressive hypothesis.
Explanation:
The regressive hypothesis -also called <u>degenerative hypothesis</u>- raises the possibility that viruses originally were cells that behaved as symbionts or parasites of other cells, and this condition of dependence could have originated the disappearance of genes, becoming structures formed by nucleic acid inside a viral capsid (virus).
Some evidence gathered to support this theory suggests that some bacteria, such as rickettsia, need to parasitize a cell in order to replicate, just as viruses do.
Learn more:
Virus characteristics brainly.com/question/3122852
Bedford a cell divides, it makes a copy of its genes during interphase
