I think the answers are
Sporophyte generation: Both
Pollination: Both
Sporophyte contains male and female reproductive structures: Seed plants
Single fertilization: Both
Sperm cells transported by water to egg cells: Both
Atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons. When two ions join together, they form a bond known as an Ionic bond.
Answer:
Nucleic Acids
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA and they are the molecules responsible for containing the genetic material of all living beings. Thus, DNA and RNA are the molecules responsible for establishing the variability and different characteristics between dog breeds, through the genetic information that each of them houses.
In this case, among the options given in the question above, we can confirm that if Allen has studied the genetic material of dogs to better understand why there are so many different breeds, he must have studied nucleic acids.
Sucrose: glucose + fructose sucrose is a disaccharide made from glucose and fructose
glucose: C(sub 6)H(sub 12)O(sub6)fructose: C(sub 6)H(sub 12)O(sub6)sucrose: C(sub 12)H(sub 22)O(sub 11)a water molecule, H(sub 2)O gets removed which is why there are 2 less hydrogens and one less oxygen