Answer: <u>Skinner</u>'s theory of <u>operant</u> conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a system that attempts to influence the strength of a behaviour by giving punishments or rewards. It was developed by B. F. Skinner in his 1938 book: <em>"The Behaviour of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis."</em>
The system can be divided in reinforcement, which is directed towards increasing the behaviour, or punishment, which tries to reduce it.
Both reinforcement and punishment can further be divided into positive (adding a stimulus) or negative (removing a stimulus).
Carbon and nitrogen are examples of nutrients. Unlikeenergy<span>, </span>matter<span> is recycled in </span>ecosystems<span>. In the figure below, you can see how (Figure below). Decomposers release nutrients when they break down dead organisms.</span>
In propositional logic, this sentence can be symbolized as pVq.
Propositional logic deals with propositions being true or false. Basic logical connectives are AND, OR, NOT. "OR" is a disjunction connective, symbolized by "V"
The symbols p and q refer to propositions or statements that are connected together to make a compound statement. Connecting two statements with or is a disjunction. In a disjunction, the compound statement is true if and only if statement p OR statement q OR both statements are true. The compound statement is false if and only if statement p AND statement q are both false.
In the example above, the statement "disembodied spirits exist" is statement p, while the statement "psychic hoaxes are rampant" is statement q.
