The Protestant Reformation broke the religious unity in Europe. It defined the content of the modern era.
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The United States is the biggest source of foreign aid. The plans developed are primarily intended for economic development. Other goals are fighting disease, backing up neighboring countries and implementing disaster relief. Although, evaluation of its effectiveness might sometimes be volatile. The measure of its effectiveness could be based on how its purpose was accomplished effectively.
Because of the highly subjective questions asked by early philosophers, the scientific community <em>C. </em><em>Took</em><em> a </em><em>skeptical view </em><em>of the emerging field of </em><em>Psychology</em><em>. </em>
Scientific theory is based on objective research which has to be proven by multiple people before it is considered factual. As a result, when the early psychologists arose, scientists were skeptical.
This is why they did not readily accept:
- Wilhelm Wundt with his empirical psychology
- Ivan Pavlov with classical conditioning
- Sigmund Freud with psychoanalysis and,
- B. F. Skinner with behaviorism
As time went by however and a lot of what early psychologists said were proven or improved on, psychology came to be regarded as a science.
In conclusion, psychology had a very rocky start because the scientific community had some doubts about it but it has since become a science that follows the scientific method to come up with theory that is acceptable.
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John Garcia was an American psychologist very well-known for his researches that focused on taste aversion in rats and for discovering conditioning taste aversion. Taste aversion is often developed after having a drink or food that causes nausea, vomiting or sickness afterwards. Garcia challenged the idea that:
- any association can be learned equally well.
- conditioning takes place in an even faster and stronger manner when the conditioned stimulus is ecologically relevant.
Therefore, the ability to develop a taste aversion works as a survival mechanism. And, regardless of the taste of the food, sights and sounds, ones can tricky themselves into not liking the taste simply because they relate sickness with it.
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Maybe some of you have been to Atlanta, Georgia. It is a large capital city with the busiest airport in the world. Two interstates, 75 and 85, cut through the heart of the city, revealing an impressive skyline of buildings. Atlanta is home to Coca-Cola and the 1996 Summer Olympics. The city has a rich historical and cultural legacy. Did you know Atlanta was burned down toward the end of the Civil War? Georgia as a whole was devastated by the ''War Between the States.''
During the war, Union General William T. Sherman boasted that he would ''make Georgia howl,'' and he did. He ordered the business district of Atlanta be burned to the ground. It is believed 40% of the city was destroyed. Toward the end of 1864, Sherman became famous for his ''March to the Sea,'' in which he and his men cut a 50-mile-wide path of destruction throughout the state of Georgia. The path stretched from Atlanta to the port city of Savannah. Railroad lines were torn up, and farms and businesses set on fire, as Union troops adopted a scorched earth policy.
Before the Civil War, the capital of Georgia was Milledgeville. Upon readmittance to the Union, the capital was changed to Atlanta. Atlanta was founded in the 1830s as a railroad hub. Despite being burned down by Union forces in 1864, Atlanta was rebuilt and grew during Reconstruction. By 1880 it was Georgia's largest city. With freed people leaving agricultural jobs and moving to the city, Atlanta quickly became a modern industrial city. In the 1880s electric street cars began operating in the city. In 1886 a former Confederate soldier named John Pemberton developed a soft drink called Coca-Cola. The company thrived, bringing jobs and money to Atlanta.
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