Bogus generally means fake or "not genuine", here are a few examples of how to use bogus in a sentence.
The idea that global warming is not real is bogus.
You are a liar because you consistently tell me bogus statements.
Spam by definition means 'irrelevant messages sent over the internet' but in the context of teens and social media it basically refers to posting or commenting heaps of stuff, whether it be a spamming of emojis, random words or letters, a particular phrase... Just something that gets said or posted way more times than necessary.
Answer:
d). deductive, valid, unsound
Explanation:
A deductive argument refers to an argument which is 
that is to be 
, i.e., to provide guarantee of the truth of the conclusion provided.
When all the premises of an argument are true, then it is called a valid argument.
When an argument is either valid or invalid having at least one false premises, then it is unsound.
Thus in the context, the argument is deductive, valid and an unsound argument.
Hence the correct option is (d).
Have been found to have <span>lower-than-normal levels of serotonin
</span>Serotonin helps us to regulate and maintain normal level of anxiety, happiness, and mood
Lower level of serotonin will make us feels constant uncontrollable emotions that often lead to aggressive behaviors.
