The independent variable is the part of the equation that changes. In this case the only thing that changes is how long she works, the amount of money she charges and what she is doing does not change.
The dependent variable is what you measure in the equation. In this case, the amount of money she makes <em>depends</em><em> </em><em>on</em> the amount of time she works.
To get 1 cup of sugar, u must add 1/8 by 8. now you have one cup of sugar. But to find out how much flour u need, u also need to multiply 1 3/4 by 8, which gives u 5 cups