Answer:
The ability to contest these is known as: agency.
Explanation:
Agency refers to the capacity individuals have to think for themselves, making their own free choices, expressing their individual power. Human agency is what keeps cultures from becoming stagnant. Agency is what keeps state domination from happening. It can be expressed as this power to change, to contest, to defy and resist domination.
That kind of fallacy is called Argumentum ad Hominem. It means the argument is addressed to the person; attacking that person instead the issue. There is an irrelevance because the argument is against to the person making a claim, rather against to the claim itself. An example is judging a person's social status or attitude, like calling his strategies aren't effective to finish a certain task because of his untidiness and laziness.
Track astronomical movements.
Answer:
it's the 3rd option
Explanation:
it should be compelling and broad.