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3 years ago

From which source is it thought that chloroplasts in algae originated

1 answer:

5 0

They are considered to have originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis—when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that became a permanent resident in the cell

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Which fossil fuel is made when plants from swamps are covered, pressed and heated for millions of

Marysya12 [62]

Answer:

petroleum i think , i may b wrong

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3 years ago

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Why might a scientist repeat an experiment if she/he didn't make a mistake in the first one? experiment are repeated to

atroni [7]

The answer is Ahgtbfgc bfhhv chignbvfffffyj

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Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires couplin

posledela

Answer:

thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.

Explanation:

The complete question is as follows:

Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires coupling to GTP hydrolysis. Based on this information, peptide bonds under physiological conditions are:

A. both thermodynamically and kinetically stable.

B.thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.

C.thermodynamically stable but kinetically unstable.

D. both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable.

The term thermodynamically unstable refers to the fact that the peptide bonds are prone to breakage under physiological conditions.
The reason why one can conclude the thermodynamic instability of the peptide bonds under physiological condition is that there is a need for a source of energy i.e. GTP hydrolysis for the formation of the peptide bond.
The fact that the breakage of peptide does not require any input of energy but the only formation does confirms the fact that under physiological conditions they are thermodynamically unstable.
Even though they are thermodynamically unstable, they are kinetically stable because both the formation and degradation require enzymes.
The function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy and hence, increase the rate of reaction. This means that if the enzymes are absent the rate of breakage of peptide bonds would be really slow this points out to the fact that they are kinetically stable under physiological conditions.

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3 years ago

The plasma membrane is composed of several different macromolecules which macromolecule serves as the fluid interface between th

AveGali [126]

Lipids serves as the fluid interface between the intracellular and extracellular environments

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3 years ago

The ABO blood group assorts independently of the Rhesus (Rh) blood group and the MN blood group. Three alleles, IA , IB , and i,

Eva8 [605]

Answer:

Part 1:

The mother’s genotype is ii, rr, MN

The father’s genotype is IAIA/IAi, Rr, MM

Part 2:

Approximately 1/32 (3.125%) of children can be expected to have the stated blood types.

Explanation:

Part 1:

The mother has blood types 0, Rh- and MN. Therefore, her genotype has to be ii, rr, MN.

The father has ABO type A. His ABO genotype may therefore be either IAIA or IAi, as both are compatible with type A offspring with a type 0 mother. His Rh genotype must be rr, since his Rh- child necessarily has to have inherited one r allele from each parent. Finally, his MN genotype has to be MM since both alleles are codominant.

Part 2:

Using the given data, we build the following Punnett chart:

IA R N IA r N i R N i r N

IA R M

IA R N

IA r M

IA r N

IB R M

IB R N

IB r M X

IB r N

Note that, of all 32 possible combinations, only a single one of them (marked with “X” produces a genotype which matches the desired blood type, as follows:

genotype: IBi, rr, MN

blood type: B, Rh-, MN

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3 years ago