Nucleic acids are the biolmolecules which are responsible for carrying information from one generation of organisms to the other. There are two types of nucleic acid namely the deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) and the ribo nucleic acid (RNA).
The similarity between the DNA and RNA is that both act as the genetic material carrying genetic information in them. Both are made up of polynucleotide chain with the repeating units called the nucleotides containing a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and phosphate. The difference lies in the type of the sugar and nitrogenous bases present. In RNA, the sugar is a ribose. In DNA, the sugar is a deoxy ribose derived from a ribose sugar by the loss of an oxygen atom. The nitrogenous bases of DNA are the adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. Whereas, the nitrogenous bases of RNA are the adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. Also, DNA is a double stranded molecule with two polynucleotide chains, whereas RNA is single stranded.
Producers are organisms (usually plants) that utilize photosynthesis to produce their own food supply.
Photosynthesis is a process that uses photons from the sunlight to turn glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and energy. It basically is a process that uses light energy to make a usable food source, and it takes place in the cells of a chloroplast.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment found inside of plants' chloroplasts that absorbs light photons, allowing photosynthesis to take place.
The glucose level is controlled by the pancreas
Proteins are unbranched polymers constructed from 22 standard α-amino acids.
The protein show four levels of structural organisation; the primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure.
The structure of proteins are stabilized by peptide bonds between the amino acid and hydrogen bond between the peptide chainds.
The primary structure of a protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids, but secondary and tertiary structures of protein define their natural or native conformation.
The solubility of protein varies according to the pH, ionic strength, nature of solvent, temperature etc.
Proteins can be classified as simple proteins or conjugated proteins on the basis of their composition.
The proteins can also be classified as fibrous proteins or globular proteins on the basis of their shape.
Proteins play a major part in body structure and function as most of the molecules like antibodies, immunoglobulins, hemoglobin, myoglobin ,most of the enzymes are proteins.
So proteins are also called building blocks of the body.
