A DNA mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. DNA mutations can affect an offspring can result in abnormal protein products. Mutations can also introduce new alleles into a population of organisms and increase the population's genetic variation.
Probiotics also known as good bacteria are beneficial to one's health. The answer to the question is all of the choices are correct. They also prevent the harmful bacteria to grow, helps in having low cholesterol and regulate metabolism as well.
Answer;
ATP would not be produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
If the inner mitochondrial membrane were freely permeable to h+, ATP production by ATP synthase through oxidative phosphorylation would not occur.
Explanation;
-Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O 2 by a series of electron carriers.This process, which takes place in mitochondria, is the major source of ATP in aerobic organisms.
-Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain forms a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives the synthesis of ATP via chemiosmosis.
-Therefore; If the inner mitochondrial membrane were freely permeable to h+, ATP production by ATP synthase through oxidative phosphorylation would not occur.
Based on DNA sequences, it is believed that changes in nucleotide sequence between two species are equivalent to the time that has elapsed since the two species diverged from their common ancestor. Gene sequencing is being used in addition to morphology to determine evolutionary relationships between organism. Homologous sequences show greater evolutionary relationship
