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xeze [42]
3 years ago
6

Please help. thank you.

Biology
1 answer:
Amiraneli [1.4K]3 years ago
5 0
Hey there!

Your question states: <span> Explain why cells are so small, considering the relationship between surface area and volume for objects of different sizes but similar shapes.

Cell's are small because the size of the other surface area's and also there volume would obviously be bigger than the cell it self. So, they are basically bigger based on that it</span><span> is the most efficient at their </span><span>size. Cell's can not be big and there on some one's hat, that would be very weird. This would be why cell's are the size that they are.</span>
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The greater the genetic variation, the better change that an individual in the population have a favorable gene that can help survival.  Genetic variation is an important force in evolution as it allows natural selection to increase or decrease frequency of alleles already in the population.

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Pedigree attached

a. Provide evidence from the pedigree that conclusively shows that the tune deafness allele is autosomal dominant, not autosomal recessive. Explain your reasoning.

b. Identify the genotypes of individuals 5 and 6, and then draw the Punnett square for the cross of these two individuals.

c. Compare the expected percentage of each phenotype of the offspring from the cross in part (b) with the actual percentage of each phenotype observed in the children of individuals 5 and 6.

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a. Autosomal dominant means that even having one copy of the allele T will produce a tune deaf individual. The evidence of this is that individuals II.3 and 4 have children (III. 8 and 9) with normal tune perception. This suggests that they have inherited the normal allele from both parents. That means II.3 and II4 must be heterozygous, in order to pass on the normal allele. This makes sense if tune deafness is dominant (because 3 and 4 will both be Tt and Tt, so can pass on the t alleles). However, if tune deafness was recessive, that would mean that individual II 3 and 4 both have to carry 2 copies, meaning there is no way their children would have normal tune perception.

b. Since individual 5 is unaffected and we know this is the recessive trait, they must be Tt. Since individual 6 is affected, they must be either Tt or tt. However, they have children who are unaffected (11, 12, 13) who must be tt. This means, individual 6 must have the t allele to pass on, and must be Tt. Therefore, the cross between individuals 5 and 6 is tt x Tt:

         T        t

t        Tt       tt

t       Tt       tt

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